Avalanche Safety for Hikers
Ideas for Research, Training, and Equipment for Winter Travelers
Jan 12, 2009
Avalanches are often associated with skiers, snowboarders, or snowmobilers on steep terrain. However, winter hikers and snowshoers can also trigger avalanches when traveling in areas that are prone to slides. By taking some simple steps, hikers can reduce their risk of being swept away in an avalanche.
Ask Questions About Avalanche Potential
When planning a hike, research the route of travel to determine if there might be a danger of traveling through avalanche terrain. Some questions to think of include:
- Are there exposed ridges with faces that could be prone to snow-loading along the route?
- Will the group be hiking above tree line?
- Has there been a recent snow storm with significant accumulation?
- What has been the snow history for the season?
- Is there anyone in the group who has never traveled in avalanche areas before?
- Does the group have appropriate equipment in case there is an avalanche?
- Do the group members know how to appropriately respond in an avalanche emergency?
Research Avalanche Danger
Local land managers will have a better idea on current conditions, and can advise hikers on which routes are safe. Also, utilize avalanche resources on the internet to get an idea of recent weather patterns, state or regional snow conditions, and the current danger level.
Bring Appropriate Avalanche Equipment
Besides the gear one would bring for winter hiking or camping such as clothing layers, food, water, map and compass, and a means of making fire, each person in the group should carry the following items for avalanche safety:
- Avalanche transceiver: worn by each person in the group, the transceiver sends out a signal that can be received by other transceivers, allowing rescuers to locate a victim.
- Snow shovel: a collapsible shovel that has either an aluminum or hard plastic blade. It is used by rescuers to dig out a buried avalanche victim.
- Probe pole: a probe pole is used to locate a victim within a small area.
Avalanche Rescue Training
Practice using rescue training and techniques before traveling into avalanche terrain. Get in touch with a local guide service or mountain school to learn from an experienced guide how to use the equipment. They can also teach students how to assess avalanche danger, such as visual assessments and digging test pits to determine snow quality. The American Institute for Avalanche Research and Education has a list of course providers that provide avalanche training. Continue to practice after the course to keep skills sharp, and practice as a group before going into the backcountry.
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